Non-destructive technologies for sustainable assessment and monitoring of railway infrastructure: a focus on GPR and InSAR methods

Health monitoring of ballast in railway infrastructure is crucial to assure long-term structural stability. An efficient and sustainable management maintenance operations therefore fundamental for asset owners setting up strategic effective action plans. Amongst the available methods assess conditions infrastructure, non-destructive technologies (NDT) are gaining popularity due their capability overcome main drawbacks from conventional routine methods, such as digging trenches visually inspecting sections along track. The present study reports an overview on use ground penetrating radar (GPR) interferometric synthetic aperture (InSAR) a infrastructure. Main utilised materials presented, with special focus sustainability. A review about research GPR InSAR also reported, including investigations carried out laboratory real-life environments. Furthermore, conceptual framework based integrated approach between satellite-based ground-based proposed, where network- local-level information can be merged more detection critical implementation advanced predictive system.